Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders
Article 36. Fire Protection and Prevention

§1938. Construction Site, General, Appendix B

Handy Construction Data; Facts; and Information
Plate B-1 Handy Things to Know

1. TO FIND--

(a) the circumference of a circle, multiply the diameter by 3.1416 (approx. 3 1/7).

(b) the diameter of a circle, multiply the circumference by .31831.

(c) the area of a circle, multiply the square of the diameter by .7854.

(d) the area of a triangle, multiply the base by 1/2 the perpendicular height.

(e) the volume of a sphere, multiply cube of the diameter by .5236.

A gallon of water weighs 8 1/2 pounds.

A gallon of water contains 231 cubic inches.

A cubic foot of water contains 7 1/2 gals., 1728 cubic inches and weighs 62 1/2 lbs.

In board measure all boards are assumed to be 1 inch thick. Area of a lineal foot multiplied by length in feet will give the surface contents in square feet.

PLATE B-1-a
SANITATION OF PERSONAL SAFETY DEVICES
(except respiratory protective equipment)

Thorough scrubbing with soap and hot water is ordinarily adequate for cleaning purposes. When additional cleaning appears necessary, one of the following treatments should be used, in addition to the soap and water scrubbing:

(1) Immerse in boiling water for five (5) minutes.

(2) The method recommended by the manufacturer for cleaning and sterilizing.

After following any of these procedures, the equipment should be thoroughly rinsed with water and hung up to dry.

Such items that have been in contact with the skin of the wearer must be replaced if they cannot be cleaned as described.

<General Materials (GM) - References, Annotations, or Tables>

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment of Plate B-1-a filed 1-17-80; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 80, No. 3).

2. Amendment of Plate B-1-a repealing paragraphs (1)-(2) and renumbering paragraphs filed 7-28-2006; operative 8-27-2006 (Register 2006, No. 30).

PLATE B-2
MEASURES

 

1 SQUARE MILE ...........= 640 acres 
                         = 6400 square chains 

1 ACRE ..................= 10 square chains  
                         = 4840 square yards 
                         = 43,560 square feet 
                         = a square, each side of
                           which is 208.7 feet 
                         = 16 square rods  

1 SQUARE CHAIN ..........= 484 square yards 
                         = 4356 square feet 
                         = 30.25 square yards  

1 SQUARE ROD.............= 272.25 square feet 
                         = 625 square links 

1 SQUARE YARD ...........= 9 square feet 

1 SQUARE FOOT ...........= 144 square inches 
                         = 0.1337 cu. feet  

1 U.S. GALLON ...........= 231 cu. inches 
                         = 4 quarts 
                         = 8 pints 

1 CUBIC FOOT ............= 7.48 U.S. Gallons 

PLATE B-3
WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS

Approximate Weight  
Material                 Per Cubic Foot--Lbs. 
Aluminum                 166 
Ashes                    43 
Asphalt                  81 
Brass                    524 
Brick (common)           120 (about 3 tons per 1000)  
Brick (fire)             145 
Bronze                   534  
Concrete 150             (4050 lbs. per cu. yd.) 
Copper                   537 
Crushed Rock             95 (2565 lbs. per cu. yd.)  
Dry earth, loose         76 (2052 lbs. per cu. yd.)  
Granite                  179  
Iron, casting            450  
Lead                     708  
Lumber, Fir              32 (2666 lbs. 1000 ft.)  
Lumber, Oak              62 (5166 lbs. 1000 ft.)  
Marble                   168  
Mortar                   100  
Port. Cement             94 (376 lbs. per barrel)  
River Sand               120 (3240 lbs. cu. yd.)  
Steel                    490  
Tar                      63 
Tile                     115 
Water                    62.5  
Zinc 437 

PLATE B-4
WEIGHTS OF METALS PER SQUARE FOOT

Thick-
ness   Wrought  Cast  
Inches Iron     Iron  Steel Copper  Tin   Zinc  Brass  Lead 
              Weights, Pounds per Square Foot 

1/16    2.50    2.34  2.55   2.89   2.41   2.28  2.63   3.7 
1/8     5.00    4.69  5.10   5.79   4.81   4.55  5.26   7.4 
3/16    7.50    7.03  7.65   8.68   7.22   6.83  7.89  11.1 
1/4     10.0    9.38  10.2   11.6   9.63   9.10  10.5  14.8 
5/16   12.50    11.7  12.8   14.5   12.0   11.4  13.2  18.5 
3/8    15.00    14.1  15.3   17.4   14.4   13.7  15.8  22.2 
7/16   17.50    16.4  17.9   20.3   16.8   15.9  18.4  25.9 
1/2 2   0.00    18.7  20.4   23.2   19.3   18.2  21.1  29.7 
9/16   22.50    21.1  23.0   26.0   21.7   20.5  23.7  23.4 
5/8    25.00    23.5  25.5   28.9   24.1   22.8  26.3  37.1 
11/16  27.50    25.8  28.1   31.8   26.5   25.0  28.9  40.8 
3/4    30.00    28.1  30.6   34.7   28.9   27.3  31.6  44.4 
13/16  32.50    30.5  33.2   37.6   31.3    29.6 34.2  48.2 
7/8    35.00    32.8  35.7   40.5   33.7   31.9  36.8  51.9 
15/16  37.50    35.2  38.3   43.4   36.1   34.1  39.5  55.6 
1      40.00    37.5  40.8   46.3   38.5   36.4  42.1  59.3 

For rates in square inch, divide by 144.
PLATE B-5
WIND FORCE

FORCE OF WIND IN POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT

                  Force                            Force
 Miles          per Square             Miles     per Square  
per Hour       Foot--in Lbs.         per Hour   Foot--in Lbs. 
  1               0.005                 20         1.969 
  2               0.020                 25         3.075 
  3               0.044                 30         4.429 
  4               0.079                 35         6.027 
  5               0.123                 40         7.873 
  6               0.177                 45         9.963 
  7               0.241                 50         12.30 
  8               0.315                 55         14.9 
  9               0.400                 60         17.71 
 10               0.492                 65         20.85 
 12               0.708                 70         24.1 
 14               0.964                 75         27.7 
 15               1.107                 80         31.49 
 16               1.25                 100         49.2 
 18               1.55 

PLATE B-6
RULE OF THUMB

(The following are not suggested as a substitute for accurate tables and reference material, but are sometimes useful in making a final safety check.)

Nails
Safe load lateral resistance in pounds equal eight (8) times the pennyweight.

1-6d nail = 8 x 6, or 48 pound
1-6d nail = 8 x 8, or 64 pounds
1-10d nail = 8 x 10, or 80 pounds

Manila Rope
Safe load in tons equals diameter in inches squared. Not accurate in sizes larger than one inch (1").
1" rope = 1 x 1, or 1 ton safe load
1/2" rope = 1/2 x 1/2, or 1/ Ss4 ton safe load
For sisal rope, decrease safe loads by one-third
Plow-steel Cable
Safe load in tons is eight (8) times the diameter in inches squared.
1/2" rope = 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 x 8 = 2 tons
Open Eye Hook
Safe load in tons is diameter of eye in inches squared.
2" hook, 2 x 2 = 4 tons

Shackle
Safe load in tons is diameter of pin in one-fourth inches (1/4") squared and divided by three (3).
1/2" diameter = 2 quarters

(2 X 2)/3 = 1 ¹/₃ tons or 2,667 pounds

Chains
Safe load in tons in six (6) times the square of the diameter of chain stock.
1/2" diameter chain stock
1/2 x 1/2 x 6 = 1 1/2 tons or 3,000 pounds

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 3-19-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 12).

PLATE B-7
DOUGLAS FIR "STRUCTURAL PLANKS" ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR SCAFFOLDS

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer filed 3-19-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 12).

PLATE B-8
DOUGLAS FIR "SELECTED LUMBER" FOR ORDINARY
SCAFFOLD PLANK SERVICE

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer filed 3-19-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 12).

PLATE B-9
SQUARE COLUMNS--UNBRACED
ROUGH LUMBER--NOT SURFACED

Length in Feet	SIZE OF COLUMN CROSS SECTION
	4" X 4"	6" X 6"	8" X 8"	10" X 10"	12" X 12"	14" X 14"	16" X 16"
5	15300	36000	64000	100000	144000	196000	256000
6	14600	35400	64000	100000	144000	196000	256000
7	13500	34900	63400	100000	144000	196000	256000
8	11800	34100	62900	100000	144000	196000	256000
9	9600	33000	62300	98900	144000	196000	256000
10	7800	31500	61500	98400	144000	196000	256000
11	6400	29400	60200	97600	142400	196000	256000
12	5400	26700	58700	96700	141700	194200	256000
14 16	use a larger size	20100	54300	93800	139600	192800	258700
		15400	47400	89400	136600	190700	251900
18 20		use a larger size	38400	83100	132200	187300	249300
			31100	74200	126100	183000	246000

Suggested Maximum Loads in Pounds -- 1,000 Pounds per Square Inch Douglas Fir

HISTORY

1. Change without regulatory effect correcting error in Plate B-9 filed 5-28-91 pursuant to section 100, Title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 91, No. 27).

PLATE B-10
SUGGESTED LOAD LIMITS
FOR TIMBER BEAMS
STRESS GRADE DOUGLAS FIR -- 500 POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
(The loads given are for dressed beams which are slightly smaller than nominal sizes listed).

Size in Inches	BEAM SPAN IN FEET
	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	24
4 X 4	990	880	500	390	330	280
4 X 6 Hor.	1530	1000	750	600	500	430	370	330
4 X 6 Vert.	2280	1520	1140	910	760	650	570	510	455	380
6 X 6	3460	2310	1730	1380	1150	990	860	770	690	570
6 X 8 Hor.	4710	3140	2360	1880	1570	1340	1170	1040	940	780
6 X 8 Vert.	6400	4290	3220	2580	2150	1840	1510	1430	1290	1070
8 X 8	8540	5870	4400	3520	2930	2510	2200	1950	1750	1460
8 X 12 Vert.	12820	12820	10330	8270	6890	5910	5170	4590	4180	3440
8 X 14 Vert.	14920	14920	14260	11400	9500	8150	7120	6330	5700	4750
8 X 16 Vert.	17070	17070	17070	15020	12510	10700	9390	8340	7500	6260
10 X 10	13330	11900	8930	7140	5950	5100	4470	3970	3570	2970
10 X12Vert.	16000	16000	13080	10470	8720	7480	6540	5820	5230	4360
10 X14Vert.	18660	18660	18020	14420	12020	10800	9020	8010	7210	6010

PLATE B-11
STRENGTH OF U.S. STANDARD
BOLTS FROM ¼" TO 2" DIAMETER 

BOLT		AREAS		TENSILE STRENGTH, LBS.			SHEARING STRENGTH, LBS.
Diameter of Bolts, Inches	Number of Threads per Inch	Full Bolt, Sq. In.	Bottom of Thread, Sq. In.	At 10,000 Lbs. Per Sq. In.	At 12,500 Lbs. Per Sq. In.	At 17,500 Lbs. Per Sq. In.	FULL BOLT		BOTTOM OF THREAD
							At 7,500 Lbs. Per Sq. In.	At 10,000 Lbs. Per Sq. In.	At 7,500 Lbs. Per Sq. In.	At 10,000 Lbs. Per Sq. In.
¼	20	0.049	0.027	270	340	470	380	490	200	270
5/16	18	0.077	0.045	450	570	790	580	770	340	450
3/8	16	0.110	0.068	680	850	1,190	830	1,100	510	680
7/16	14	0.150	0.093	930	1,170	1,630	1,130	1,500	700	930
½	13	0.196	.126	1,260	1,570	2,200	1,470	1.960	940	1,260
9/16	12	0.248	0.162	1,620	2,030	2,840	1,860	2,480	1,220	1,620
5/8	11	0.307	0.202	2,020	2,520	3,530	2,300	3,070	1,510	2,020
¾	10	0.442	0.302	3,020	3,770	5,290	3,310	4,420	2,270	3,020
7/8	9	0.601	0.419	4,190	5,240	7,340	4,510	6,010	3,150	4,190
1	8	0.785	0.551	5,510	6,890	9,640	5,890	7,850	4,130	5,510
1 1/8	7	0.994	0.693	6,990	8,660	12,130	7,450	9,940	5,200	6,930
1 ¼	7	1.227	0.890	8,890	11,120	15,50	9,200	12,270	6,670	8,900
1 3/8	6	1.435	1.054	10,540	13,180	18,450	11,140	14,850	7,910	10,540
1 ½	6	1.767	1.294	12,940	16,170	22,640	13,250	17,60	9,700	12,940
1 5/8	5 ½	2.074	1.515	15,150	18,940	26,510	15,550	20,740	11,360	15,150
1 ¾	5	2.405	1.745	17,450	21,800	30,520	18,040	24,050	13,080	17,440
1 7/8	5	2.761	2.049	20,490	25,610	35,860	20,710	27,610	15,370	20,490
2	4 ½	3.142	2.300	23,000	28,750	40,500	23,560	31,420	17,250	23,000

HISTORY

1. Editorial correction of Diameter of Bolts second entry (Register 95, No. 21).

PLATE B-12
CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY PATROL
STOPPING DISTANCE CHART

NOTE: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer of Plate B-12 filed 4-27-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 17).

PLATE B-13
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS FOR
MINERAL DUSTS

HISTORY

1. Repealer of Appendix Plate B-13 filed 10-18-77; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 77, No. 43).

PLATE B-13-a
TABLE 1--MINERAL DUSTS

HISTORY

1. Repealer of Appendix Plate B-13-a filed 10-18-77; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 77, No. 43).

PLATE B-14
TABLE 1
AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
As Revised and Approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives – June 1991

QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS		DISTANCES IN FEET
		x 304.8 for mm
		Inhabited Buildings		Public Highways with Traffic Volume of less than 3,000 Vehicles per Day		Passenger Railways – Public Highways with Traffic Volume of more than 3,000 Vehicles/Day		Separation of Magazines
Pounds Over	Pounds Not Over	Barricaded	Unbarricaded	Barricaded	Unbarricaded	Barricaded	Unbarricaded	Barricaded	Unbarricaded
x 0.454 for kg
0 5 10 20 30	5 10 20 30 40	70 90 110 125 140	140 480 220 250 280	30 35 45 50 55	60 70 90 100 110	51 61 81 93 103	102 128 162 186 206	6 8 10 11 12	12 16 20 22 24
40 50 75 100 125	50 75 100 125 150	150 170 190 200 215	300 340 380 400 430	60 70 75 80 85	120 140 150 160 170	110 127 139 150 159	220 254 278 300 318	14 15 15 18 19	28 30 32 36 38
150 200 250 300 400	200 250 300 400 500	235 255 270 295 320	470 510 540 590 640	95 105 110 120 130	190 210 220 240 260	175 189 201 221 238	350 378 402 442 476	21 23 24 27 29	42 46 48 54 58
500 600 700 800 900	600 700 800 900 1000	340 355 375 390 400	680 710 750 780 800	135 145 150 155 160	270 290 300 310 320	253 266 278 289 300	506 522 556 578 600	31 32 33 34 36	62 64 66 70 72
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800	1200 1400 1600 1800 2000	425 450 470 490 505	850 900 940 980 1010	165 170 175 180 185	330 340 350 360 370	318 336 351 366 378	636 672 702 732 756	39 41 43 44 45	78 82 86 88 90
2000 2500 3000 4000 5000	2500 3000 4000 5000 6000	545 580 635 685 730	1090 1160 1270 1370 1460	190 195 210 225 235	380 390 420 450 470	408 432 474 513 546	816 864 949 1026 1092	49 52 58 61 65	98 104 116 122 130
6000 7000 8000 9000 10000	7000 8000 9000 10000 12000	770 800 835 865 875	1540 1600 1670 1730 1750	245 250 255 260 270	490 500 510 520 520	573 600 624 645 687	1146 1200 1248 1290 1374	68 72 75 78 82	136 144 150 156 164
12000 14000 16000 18000 20000	14000 16000 18000 20000 25000	885 900 940 975 1055	1770 1800 1880 1950 2000	275 280 285 290 315	550 560 570 580 630	723 756 786 813 876	1446 1512 1572 1626 1752	87 90 94 98 105	174 180 188 196 210
25000 30000 35000 40000 45000	30000 35000 40000 45000 50000	1130 1205 1275 1340 1400	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	340 360 380 400 420	680 720 760 800 840	933 981 1026 1068 1104	1866 1962 2000 2000 2000	112 119 124 129 135	224 238 248 258 270
50000 55000 60000 65000 70000	55000 60000 65000 70000 75000	1460 1515 1565 1610 1655	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	440 455 470 485 500	880 910 940 970 1000	1140 1173 1206 1236 1263	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	140 145 150 155 160	280 290 300 310 320
75000 80000 85000 90000 95000	80000 85000 90000 95000 100000	1695 1730 1760 1790 1815	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	510 520 530 540 545	1020 1040 1060 1080 1090	1293      1317       1344      1368      1392	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	165 170 175 180 185	330 340 350 360 370
100000 112000 120000 130000 140000	110000 120000 130000 140000 150000	1835 1855 1875 1890 1900	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	550 555 560 565 570	1100 1110 1120 1130 1140	1437 1479 1521 1557 1593	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	195 205 215 225 235	390 410 430 450 470
150000 160000 170000 180000 190000	160000 170000 180000 190000 200000	1935 1990 2010 2030 2055	2000 2000 2000 2010 2030	580 590 600 605 610	1160 1180 1200 1210 1220	1629 1662 1695 1725 1755	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	245 255 265 275 285	490 510 530 550 570
200000 210000 230000 250000 275000	210000 230000 250000 275000 300000	2055 2100 2155 2215 2275	2055 2100 2155 2215 2275	620 635 650 670 690	1240 1270 1300 1340 1380	1762 1836 1890 1950 2000	2000 2000 2000 2000 2000	295 315 335 360 385	590 630 670 720 770

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 12006, Health and Safety Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer and new Plate B-14 filed 7-26-85; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 85, No. 30).

2. Repealer and new Plate B-14 filed 6-26-97; operative 7-26-97 (Register 97, No. 26).

	              Table 2 
         Table of Separation Distances of 
 Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents from Explosives 
                  or Blasting Agents 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Donor Weight    Minimum Separation Distance 
               of Acceptor when Barricaded (ft.)    Minimum Thickness of 
Pounds   Pounds     Ammonium                       Artificial Barricades 
Over     Not Over   Nitrate    Blasting Agent               (in.) 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          100         3          11                          12 
   100    300         4          14                          12 
   300    600         5          18                          12 
   600  1,000         6          22                          12 
 1,000  1,600         7          25                          12 

 1,600  2,000         8          29                          12 
 2,000  3,000         9          32                          15 
 3,000  4,000        10          36                          15 
 4,000  6,000        11          40                          15 
 6,000  8,000        12          43                          20 

 8,000 10,000        13          47                          20 
10,000 12,000        14          50                          20 
12,000 16,000        15          54                          25 
16,000 20,000        16          58                          25 
20,000 25,000        18          65                          25 

25,000 30,000        19          68                          30 
30,000 35,000        20          72                          30 
35,000 40,000        21          76                          30 
40,000 45,000        22          79                          35 
45,000 50,000        23          83                          35 

50,000 55,000        24          86                          35 
55,000 60,000        25          90                          35 
60,000 70,000        26          94                          40 
70,000 80,000        28         101                          40 
80,000 90,000        30         108                          40 

90,000100,000        32         115                          40 
100,000120,000       34         122                          50 
120,000140,000       37         133                          50 
140,000160,000       40         144                          50 
160,000180,000       44         158                          50 

180,000200,000       48         173                          50 
200,000220,000       52         187                          60 
220,000250,000       56         202                          60 
250,000275,000       60         216                          60 
275,000300,000       64         230                          60 

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 12006, Health and Safety Code.

PLATE B-14a
Types of Storage Facilities

Storage Type	Classes of Explosive Materials, Which May Be Stored Therein
Type 1 (Permanent)	Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5
Type 2 (Portable)	Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5
Type 3 ("Day Box" for temporary storage)	Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5
Type 4	Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 *Electric Blasting Caps
Type 5	Division 1.5

*As a result of tests with electric blasting caps, it has been determined that these blasting caps are not subject to sympathetic detonation. Therefore, a Type 4 storage facility meets the necessary requirements for storage of blasting caps that do not mass detonate.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-14a filed 6-26-97; operative 7-26-97 (Register 97, No. 26). For prior history, see Register 85, No. 30.

PLATE B-15

                   Table 1 
      Recommended Distances for Commercial 
           AM Broadcast Transmitters  
              0.535 to 1.605 MHz 
			  
Transmitter Power(1)       Minimum Distance 
     (Watts)                    (Feet) 

Up to 4,000                      800 
5,000                            900 
10,000                         1,300 
25,000                         2,000 
50,0002                        2,900 
100,000                        4,100 
500,000                        9,100 

⁽¹⁾ Power delivered to antenna.

⁽²⁾ 50,000 watts is the present maximum power of U.S. broadcast transmitters in this frequency range.

                  Table 2 
 Recommended Distances for Transmitters up to  
  50 MHz (Excluding AM Broadcast) Calculated 
 for a Specific Loop Pickup Configuration(1)(2) 

      Transmitter Power(3)      Minimum Distance 
             (Watts)                 (Feet) 
               100                      800 
                500                   1,700 
              1,000                   2,500 
              5,000                   5,500 
             50,000                  17,000 
            500,000(4)               55,000 
			

⁽¹⁾ Based on the configuration shown in Fig. 2b, using 20.8 MHz, which is the most sensitive frequency.

⁽²⁾ This table should be applied to International Broadcast Transmitters in the 10-25 MHz range.

⁽³⁾ Power delivered to antenna.

⁽⁴⁾ Present maximum for International Broadcast.

                                                         Table 3
                                         Recommneded Distances of Mobile Transmitters
                                             Including Amateur and Citizens Band
												 
												 
                                                               VHF                        VHF                           UHF                                   
Transmitter              MF              HF          35 to 36 MHz Public Use     144 to 148 MHz Amateur      450 to 470 MHz Public Use           
Power             1.6 to 3.4 MHz   28 to 29.7MHz     42 to 44 MHz Public Use     150.8 to 161.6 MHz              Cellular Automobile       
(Whatts)            Industrial        Amateur         50 to 54 MHz Amateur           Public Use              Telephones Above 800 MHz
          5               30               70                       60                      20                           10       
	 10               40              100                       80                      30                           20         
	 50               90              230                      180                      70                           40        
	180              120              320                      260                     100                           60                   
        180(2)            170              430                      350                     130                           80                
	250              200              500                      410                     160                           90                                     
	500(3)            280              710                      580                     220                          120                                                                                                                     
        600(4)            300              780                      640                     240                          140              
      1,000(5)            400            1,010                      820                     310                          180      
     10,000(6)          1,240            3,200                    2,600                     990                          560                   

                         Table 4 
             Recommended Distances for VHF TV  
             and FM Broadcasting Transmitters 

Effective Radiated Power                 Minimum Distance (Feet) 
      (Watts)     Channels 2 to 6    FM Radio     Channels 7 to 13 

  Up to  1,000          1,000         800                600 
        10,000          1,800       1,400              1,000 
    100,000(1)          3,200       2,600              1,900 
    316,000(2)          4,300       3,400              2,500 
     1,000,000          5,800       4,600              3,300 
    10,000,000         10,200       8,100              5,900 

⁽¹⁾ Present maximum power channels 2 to 6 and FM--100,000 watts.

⁽²⁾ Present maximum power channels 7 to 13--316,000 watts.

                     Table 5 
  Recommended Distances from UHF TV Transmitters 
 
Effective Radiated Power       Minimum Distance 
        (Watts)                     (Feet) 
       Up to 10,000                     600 
          1,000,000                   2,000
       5,000,000(1)                   3,000 
        100,000,000                   6,000 
		

⁽¹⁾ Present maximum power channels 14 to 83--5,000,000 watts.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer of Plates B-15-a and B-15-b and new Plate B-15 filed 7-8-81; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 81, No. 28).

2. Amendment of NOTE filed 7-26-85; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 85, No. 30).

3. Repealer and new Plate B-15 filed 6-26-97; operative 7-26-97 (Register 97, No. 26).

PLATE B-16
LADDERS

Safe Procedure In Setting Up a Ladder
The base should be one-fourth the ladder length from the vertical plane of the top support

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 5-21-75; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 75, No. 21).

PLATE B-17
CRITERIA FOR STAIRS, LADDERS AND RAMPS OR INCLINES

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 5-21-75; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 75, No. 21).

PLATE B-18
LIGHT-TRADE POLE SCAFFOLD
For Scaffolds Over 20 Feet High Use 3" x 4" Uprights

For carpenters, lathers, shinglers, painters, plasterers, sheet metal workers and other trades not using heavy tools or storing heavy materials on the scaffold.

NOTE: (1) Continuous sills may be required on pavement or other surfaces that might cause slipping. When uprights are placed on the ground, they must rest on sills or foot blocks that are adequate to sustain the load.

(2) Ladders do not have to be placed as shown, but may be located at any suitable place on the scaffold that gives proper access to the platform or platforms.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer and new Plate B-18 filed 3-19-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 12).

2. Amendment filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-19
HEAVY-TRADE POLE SCAFFOLD
For Scaffolds Over 20 Feet High Use 4" x 6" Uprights

For bricklayers, stone masons, stone cutters, concrete workers and other trades using heavy tools or storing heavy materials on the scaffold.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Repealer and new Plate B-19 filed 3-19-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 12).

2. Amendment filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-20
WOODEN BRACKET SCAFFOLD (Suggested)
(Can be Prefabricated for Attachment to Wall
Forms at Various Positions, Or Can be Made As a
Permanent Part of Movable Form Panel)

NOTE: (1) Maximum load is 25 psf.
(2) For railing and toeboard requirements, see Article 16 and Section 1645.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-21
METAL BRACKET SCAFFOLD (Suggested)
("WALER JACK")

NOTE: Bracket should not be used on walers held by wire ties unless there are at least three such ties fairly close to each jack. Bolted walers are preferred where brackets are used.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-22
LIMIT SPANS TO 7'6" (Suggested)
(FOR MULTIPLE SCAFFOLD USE AT LEAST
3" x 16" OUTRIGGERS)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-23
BOATSWAIN'S CHAIR (Suggested)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment of Plates B-18, B-19, B-20, B-21, B-22 and B-23 filed 11-14-75; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 75, No. 46).

2. Relocation and amendment of former Plate B-23 to Section 1662 (j) filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-24
OUTRIGGER BEAM FOR SUSPENDED STAGING (Suggested)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate B-24 to Plate B-26 and renumbering and amendment of Plate B-23-a to Plate B-24 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-24
ACCEPTABLE SCAFFOLDS (Suggested)

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate B-24 to Plate B-26 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-24-a
SUSPENDED LADDER SCAFFOLD (Suggested)

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of Plate B-24-a to Plate B-26-a filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-25
SWING STAGE SHOWING CENTER SUPPORT

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of Plate B-25 to Plate B-28 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-25-a
SAFE HITCHES AND KNOTS

HISTORY

1. Renumbering of Appendix Plate C-7 to B-25-a filed 2-19-75; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 75, No. 8).

PLATE B-25-b
PAINTER'S HITCH

HISTORY

1. Renumbering of Appendix Plate C-8 to B-25-b filed 2-19-75; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 75, No. 8).

2. Change without regulatory effect amending step 1 in Plate B-25-b filed 5-28-91 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 91, No. 27).

PLATE B-26
ACCEPTABLE SCAFFOLDS
(Suggested*)
SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD

*See section 1658 for required railing protection

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Amendment of Plate B-26 filed 11-14-75; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 75, No. 46).

2. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate B-26 to Plate B-29, and renumbering and amendment of former Plate B-24 to Plate B-26 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-26-a
SUSPENDED LADDER SCAFFOLD
(Suggested)*

*See Section 1658 for required railing protection.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of Plate B-24-a to Plate B-26-a filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-27-a
WELDERS' PLATFORM CAGES (Suggested)

HISTORY

1. Renumbering of Plate B-28 to Plate B-27-a filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-28
SWING STAGE SHOWING CENTER SUPPORT ACCEPTABLE
FOR RAILING REINFORCEMENT*

*See Section 1658 for required railing protection.

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate B-28 to Plate B-27-a and renumbering and amendment of Plate B-25 to Plate B-28 filed 7--24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-29
ACCEPTABLE MASONS' SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD
That Will Comply with Order No. 1659
Limit Plank Spans to 8'-0"

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate B-29 to Plate B-31, and renumbering and amendment of Plate B-26 to Plate B-29 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATES B-29, B-29-a and B-29-b

HISTORY

1. Renumbering of former Plates B-29, B-29-a and B-29-b to Plates B-31, B-31-a and B-31-b filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-30
Nails and Spikes.

(1) Safe Lateral Strength. A common wire nail driven perpendicular to grain of the wood, when used to fasten wood members together, shall not be subjected to a greater load causing shear and bending than the safe lateral strength of the wire nail or spike as set forth in Plate B-30-a.

A wire nail driven parallel to the grain of the wood or toe nailed shall not be subjected to more than two-thirds of the lateral load allowed when driven perpendicular to grain.

PLATE B-30-a
SAFE LATERAL STRENGTH AND REQUIRED PENETRATION OF COMMON WIRE NAILS
Driven Perpendicular to Grain of the Wood

Size of nail	Standard length (inches)	Wire gauge	Penetration required (inches)	Loads (pounds)
				Douglas fir or southern pine	Redwood	Other species
6d…………	2	11 ½	1	70	58	As determined by the enforcing agency
8d…………	2 ½	10 ¼	1 ¼	100	82
10d………..	3	9	1 ½	120	98
12d………..	3 ¼	9	1 5/8	130	106
16d………..	3 ½	8	1 5/8	160	123
20d………..	4	6	2	190	155
30d………..	4 ½	5	2 1/4	230	188
40d………..	5	4	2 1/3	270	220
50d………..	5 ½	3	2 3/4	310	250
60d………..	6	2	3	360	295

(2) Safe Resistance to Withdrawal. A wire nail driven perpendicular to grain of the wood shall not be subjected to a greater load, tending to cause withdrawal, than the safe resistance of the nail to withdrawal, as set forth in Plate B-30-b.

Nails driven parallel to grain of the wood shall not be allowed for resisting withdrawal forces.

PLATE B-30-b
SAFE RESISTANCE TO WITHDRAWAL OF COMMON WIRE NAILS

Inserted Perpendicular to Grain of the Wood, in Pounds per Linear Inch of Penetration into the Main Member

Kind of wood	Size of nail
Douglas Fir or Southern Pine or Redwood…………	6d 8d 10d 12d 16d 20d 30d 40d 50d 60d
	27 29 35 35 39 48 52 56 61 67
Other species………………………………………..	As determined by the enforcing agency

(3) Spacing and Penetration. Common wire nails shall have penetration into the piece receiving the point as set forth in Plate B-30-a. Nails or spikes, for which the wire gauges or lengths are not specified in Plate B-30-a, shall have a required penetration of not less than nine and one-half diameters, and allowable loads may be interpolated.

For wood to wood joints the spacing center-to-center shall be not less than the required penetration.

Edge and end distances shall be not less than one-half of the required penetration.

Holes for nails, where necessary to prevent splitting, shall be bored of a diameter smaller than that of the nails.

PLATE B-31 BOLTS

Safe loads in pounds for bolts in double shear and in seasoned lumber of the following species: cypress, southern; Douglas fir (coast and inland region); larch, wester; pine, southern yellow; in joints consisting of three members in which the side members are one-half the thickness of the main member, shall not exceed values set forth in Plates B-31-a, -b.

PLATE B-31-a
HOLDING POWER OF BOLTS
Loads Parallel to Grain (p)

Length of bolt in main member1 (inches)	Diameter of bolt (inches)
	½	5/8	¾	7/8	1	1 5/8	1 ¼
1 5/8…….	910	1,160	1,390	1,630	1,860
2 5/8…….	1,150	1,700	2,190	2,610	3,010
3 2/8…….	1,160	1,810	2,570	3,310	3,990
4 ½……	1,160	1,810	1,600	2,530	4,480	5,380
5 ½……...	-	1,810	2,620	3,550	4,610	5,800
6 ½……...	-	1,810	2,600	2,550	4,630	5,850
7 ½……...	-	1,810	2,600	3,550	4,630	5,850
9 ½……...	-	-	2,600	3,550	4,630	5,350	7,240
11 ½…….	-	-	-	-	4,630	5,850	7,240

PLATE B-31-b
HOLDING POWER OF BOLTS
Loads Perpendicular to Grain (q)

Length of bolt in main member1 (inches)	Diameter of bolt (inches)
	½	5/8	¾	7/8	1	1 1/3	1 1/4
1 5/8…….	430	490	540	600	660
2 5/8…….	700	790	880	970	1,050
3 5/8…….	920	1,090	1,210	1,340	1,460
4 ½……...	920	1,300	1,510	1,660	1,810	1,970
5 ½……...	-	1,800	1,750	2,020	2,210	2,410
6 ½……...	-	1,250	1,750	2,260	2,590	2,860
7 ½……...	-	1,170	1,890	2,250	2,820	3,250
9 ½……...	-	-	1,520	2,120	2,760	3,450	4,130
11 ½…….	-	-	-	-	2,570	3,200	4,040

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of Plates B-29, B-29-a and B-29-b to Plates B-31, B-31-a and B-31-b filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-32
(EXAMPLE)
BRICKLAYERS' SQUARE SCAFFOLD

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3. Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-32 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-33
PUMP JACK SCAFFOLD
(EXAMPLE)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3. Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-33 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-34
(EXAMPLE)
LADDER JACK SCAFFOLD

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3. Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-34 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-35
(EXAMPLE)
WINDOW JACK SCAFFOLD

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3. Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-35 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-36
(EXAMPLE) STONE SETTERS' ADJUSTABLE MULTI-POINT SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD WITH MANUAL WINDING DRUM HOISTS

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-36 filed 7-24-87: operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-37
NEEDLE BEAM SCAFFOLD
(EXAMPLE)
STRUCTURAL MEMBER ABOVE

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-37 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-38
FLOAT SCAFFOLD
(EXAMPLE)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-38 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-39
TWO-POINT SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD
(Example)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B-39 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-40
PROHIBITED SCAFFOLDS
(Examples)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate C-20 to Plate B-40 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-41
SUGGESTED SCAFFOLD HORSES
(See Construction Safety Order 1674)

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. Renumbering and amendment of former Plate C-21 to Plate B-41 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).

PLATE B-42
MULTI-LEVEL SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD WITH POWERED HOISTS

NOTE: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

HISTORY

1. New Plate B42 filed 7-24-87; operative 8-23-87 (Register 87, No. 33).